![]() These observations (a) support the dissociation between the articulatory loop and the VSSP, (b) suggest an important use of central attentional resources in the generation and rotation of mental images, (c) would support the distinction between visual and spatial components in the structure of working memory, and (d) suggest the dissociation of the VSSP into two subcomponents: a passive visuospatial store and an active device for recapitulating visuospatial information. And fourth, generation and rotation tasks were interfered to a greater extent by the central executive than by the involvement of the VSSP in a secondary task. Third, maintenance of images appeared free from any interference. Second, no interference from the articulatory loop was observed. First, in the control condition (no interference task) of each experiment, we replicated the effects of stimulus or task complexity already reported. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA): image generation (Experiment 1), image maintenance (Experiment 2), and image rotation (Experiment 3). Properties of the VSSP were investigated by means of the usual dual-task paradigm (to search for interference from the other components of working memory, i.e., the articulatory loop and the central executive), applied to three distinct subprocesses of mental imagery (Kosslyn, 1994 Image and Brain. According to the Baddeley and Hitch multicomponent model of working memory (Baddeley, 2000, 2003 Baddeley & Hitch, 1974), these two processes rely on different components of working memory: Holding visuospatial information online is the function of the visuospatial sketchpad, which acts as a temporary store for visual and spatial information. These findings also address how task-irrelevant spatial information influences working memory in the first place.In the model of Baddeley (Working Memory, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986), one function of the visuospatial sketchpad (VSSP) component of working memory is to allow the processing of mental images. ![]() In other words, it appears that spatial information (ostensibly invoking the ‘visuospatial sketchpad’) benefits working memory, even when observers explicitly use a rehearsal strategy - suggesting a prioritization of spatial information. The visuospatial sketchpad refers to our ability temporarily to hold visual and spatial information, such as the location of a parked car, or the route from. We replicate this general pattern across several experiments, and further show that these findings (a) should be understood as a space-advantage rather than a color-decrement, and (b) this benefit occurs because of the consistency for location within object (rather than the lack of overlap between objects). The visuospatial sketchpad (VSSP) has been described as the most neglected component of working memory (Pearson 2001). Despite this (and frequent participant reports of a rehearsal strategy), we observed a robust memory advantage in the space-structured condition. This task therefore had two key components: (1) both color and location information were task-irrelevant (2) the to-be-remembered information (shape names) could be rehearsed. In the model of Baddeley (Working Memory, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986), one function of the visuospatial sketchpad (VSSP) component of working. On some trials, space was structured so that any shape appearing multiple times appeared in the same location and no other shape appeared in that location (whilst color was randomized) on other trials, color was structured (whilst location was randomized). They were explicitly told that they had to recall only (a) the shapes that they saw and (b) the order they saw them in - not color or location. Observers were introduced to a novel working memory task in which they saw a series of 5-7 shapes that appeared (a) in one of four colors and (b) in one of four locations (quadrants). But how do these two seemingly distinct systems interact? Here, we ask whether (and how) task-irrelevant spatial structure influences working memory. Studies of visual working memory often deliberately ignore the phonological loop, using stimuli that cannot be easily verbally encoded (e.g., oriented lines). Working memory is commonly understood as consisting of two distinct sub-systems: a ‘visuospatial sketchpad’ and a ‘phonological loop’.
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